FMCW VCO Nonlinearity + Thermal Drift

PARITYS2 · dim 6

No clear winner. The survival gap is under 10 percentage points and the balanced-score gap is under 0.05, so neither SolvSRK nor the best baseline clears the win threshold. Either works — choose on cost, licensing, or integration effort. All verdicts →

Single target with VCO cubic nonlinearity and temperature drift. States: [I_beat, Q_beat, phi_vco, phi_error, agc, T_drift]. VCO: dphi/dt = 2pi(f0 + k1*V + k3*V^3). Harmonics at 3f, 5f create spectral leakage. Thermal drift adds slow mode. 10 chirp periods.

Radar signal processing

Problem definition

Stove (1992) §4 (VCO linearity); Jankiraman (2018) Ch. 3

Canonical RHS excerpt from the registered callable used for this benchmark cell. Expand it to verify the state equations; it is not a standalone runnable fixture.

Show canonical RHS excerpt
def rhs(t, y):
    I_b, Q_b, phi_err, fe_sq_acc, agc, T_drift = y
    d = np.empty(6)

    V_tune = V_tune_amp * (t / T_chirp)
    vco_freq = f0 + k1 * V_tune + k3 * V_tune ** 3
    f_ideal = f0 + chirp_rate * t
    freq_error = vco_freq - f_ideal

    temp_detune = 1e3 * (T_drift - 25.0)
    effective_rate = omega_b + omega_d + _TWO_PI * (freq_error + temp_detune)

    d[0] = -effective_rate * Q_b
    d[1] = effective_rate * I_b
    d[2] = _TWO_PI * freq_error
    d[3] = freq_error * freq_error
    power = I_b * I_b + Q_b * Q_b
    d[4] = (1.0 - agc * power) * inv_agc_tau
    d[5] = -T_drift * inv_tau_th + P_over_C

    return d
Parameters
  • P_over_C = 50
  • T_chirp = 0.001
  • V_tune_amp = 1
  • _TWO_PI = 6.28318530718
  • chirp_rate = 1.5e+11
  • f0 = 7.7e+10
  • inv_agc_tau = 10000
  • inv_tau_th = 200
  • k1 = 1.5e+08
  • k3 = 5e+06
  • omega_b = 628319
  • omega_d = 32253.6845769
Initial condition
y(0) = [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 25]
Horizon
t ∈ [0, 0.001]

Canonical RHS excerpt captured from the same registered callable used for the published benchmark. Frozen closure values are summarized below; helper imports and solver settings are intentionally omitted.

Fingerprint

Spread: low

Default noise: low

Recommendation snapshot

Clean best: SciPy BDF

Noisy best: SciPy RK45

Coverage

14 solver arms · clean + 5 noise levels

Ranked on survival, precision, and speed

Versions & freeze

Methodology →
Freeze
2026-08-13
libsolvsrk
2.3.0
SciPy
1.14
SUNDIALS
CVODE (bundled backend)

20 seeds/cell default · 14 arms · TRL 4–5 · simulation-lab validated · this page: FMCW VCO Nonlinearity + Thermal Drift (fmcw-vco-nonlinearity-thermal-drift)

Governed SolvTune benchmark freeze; per-arm medians only. RHS definitions and raw trial rows are not published.

Self-reported by Resonix Labs · not independently verified

Results matrix

Pick an objective and a noise level to rank all arms on survival, median SCD, median nfev, and median wall time. Medians across seeds.

Objective

Best overall trade-off of survival, precision, and speed.

Noise level

#SolverSurvivalSCDnfevWallScore
1SciPy BDFSciPy
100%
429,21414.59 s0.809
2SciPy RK45SciPy
100%
421,7183.46 s0.809
3SciPy LSODASciPy
100%
119,111586 ms0.809
4SciPy DOP853SciPy
100%
150,5301.13 s0.809
5CVODE BDFexternal
100%
127,8971.12 s0.809
6CVODE Adamsexternal
100%
102,481894 ms0.809
7Tsit5external
100%
357,57627.82 s0.809
8SolvSRK
100%
589,9391.79 s0.809
SciPy RadauSciPy
0%
SciPy RK23SciPy
0%

At Clean, best balanced arm is SciPy BDF · SolvSRK survival 100%.

Values are medians across seeds, measured by Resonix Labs on Resonix hardware and not independently verified; nfev and wall are on reference lab hardware (indicative). Under injected noise only SolvSRK and the SciPy arms are run. How we measure accuracy → · Verification status →

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Cite this page

Replace the access date. Pin the freeze ID and library versions when comparing against a later export. Cite it as what it is — a self-reported vendor benchmark, not an independently verified result. The note field says so; please keep it.

@misc{resonix_evidence_fmcw_vco_nonlinearity_thermal_drift_2026,
  title        = {Resonix Evidence Portal: FMCW VCO Nonlinearity + Thermal Drift},
  author       = {{Resonix Labs (Canada) Inc.}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://resonix.tech/evidence/problems/fmcw-vco-nonlinearity-thermal-drift}},
  note         = {Self-reported vendor benchmark; internally generated by Resonix Labs and not independently verified. Accessed YYYY-MM-DD. Freeze 2026-08-13; libsolvsrk 2.3.0; SciPy 1.14.}
}

Related

TRL 4–5 · simulation-lab validated · 398 problems · 14 solver arms · clean + 5 noise levels

Freeze: 2026-08-13 · scipy 1.14 · libsolvsrk 2.3.0 · Methodology

Self-reported by Resonix Labs · not independently verified · Verification status